OutlineDS

I. Diction …. A. Diction is defined as “The expression of the meaning in words” ………… 1. Suitable to the plot, characters, and the end of the tragedy ………… 2. Has to be clear …. B. Riddles ………… 1. Consists of metaphors. .................. a. Metaphors create a visual in the audience mind, allowing them to comprehend and assimilate more the feeling that is trying to be transmitted ………… 2. Express true facts under unachievable combinations …………….. a. Unable to transmit this with colloquial words, that’s why metaphors are used ………………… 1) Example of a riddle- ‘The man who invented it doesn't want it, the man who bought it doesn't need it, the man who needs it doesn't know it' ………… 1. Consists of a special language in relationship to an specific activity, profession, or group ** …………….. a. Not colloquial words, metaphorical, lengthened (words that differ from the common speech) …………….. b. Helps ascend the words above the common place …. D. Cleanness of diction ………… 1. Achieved by lengthening, contraction, and alteration of words …. E. Poetic diction ………… 1. Their must be moderation ………… 2. Use of metaphors ………… 3. Use of just the right amount of strange (rare) words …………….. a. Simple words- "the tumor which is eating the flesh of my foot." …………….. b. Strange (rare) words- "the tumor that 'feasts on' the flesh of my foot." ………… 4. Appropriate lengthening … …. F. Heroic poetry ………… 1. Use of strange (rare) words …. G. Iambic ............. 1. Meter of the words or the music of the words ………… 2. Use of metaphors ………… 3.Represents colloquial speech
 * … . C. Jargon

II. Song or melody …. A. Definition ………… 1. The musical element of the chorus …. B. Three main jobs of the behind the chorus ………… 1. "pray" for the character ………… 2. Able to summarize the play ………… 3. They represent the voice of the people …. C. Aristotle’s idea of chorus ………… 1. It should be fully integrated into the play like an actor ………… 2. It should contribute to the unity of the plot ………… 3. Should share the action with the actors … D. Other poet’s idea of chorus ………… 1. Songs related little to the tragedy ………… 2. Sang only as interludes …………….. a. An interlude is a pause between the acts of a play III. Spectacle …. A. Defines how the physical performance impacts the audience ………… 1. Capable of incorporating spectacular effects to make the Tragedy more attractive to the audience ………… 2. Strictly mechanical; therefore supports the actual performance of the play itself ………… 3. Unconnected with the artistic facet of the actual content of the play (dialogue, chorus) …. B. Connected with emotions by re-enforcing the way in which they are actually transmitted ………… 1. Certain spectacular effects such as Euripides’s dues ex machina serve to shock the audience and may therefore rise pity, sorrow and fear in the audience …. C. Spectacle is the technique used the least by poets ………… 1. Considered as an unorthodox method to arise emotions such as pity and fear within the audience ………… 2. Poets are not expected to make use out of it; rely on the content of the arts and the poetry rather than on the visuals or as Aristotles referred to it, "the monstrous" V.Katharsis ….. A. Defined as “the purging or purification” of emotions; a process in which emotions are absorbed, filtered and released in the form of aesthetic pleasure (moral lesson) ………… 1. Fear and pity are the emotions trough which the audicence is able to learn ………… 2. Aesthetic pleasure could also be referred to as the knowledge (or the lesson) one obtains or learns after watching the performance or the recreation of the plot …. B. Exposing the emotions ………… 1. The plot should be constructed and structured so that both the visual and the oral aspect of the situations within the tragedy are able to transmit the emotions behind the “dialogues” ………… 2. Strong emotions such as sorrow, pity and fear are used by the poet to communicate his message behind his text ……… ……………….. a. Usually the poet will force a tragic hero to carry out “tragic” actions; these actions will then transmit strong emotions (sorrow, pity, fear) to the audience forcing them to reflect on the events they've just seen so that they are able to learn how to avoid such circumstances ………………………. 1) (Why a tragic hero?) If tragedy affects those who are mean or ruthless then the audience might not disagree with the tragic occurrences through which this character is put up too; but, if the character was humble, honest, brave, or innocent then the audience is able to feel that pity, that sorrow and that fear that the poet intends them to feel as this "good" and heroic charater faces its tragic destiny ………… 5. The poet’s skills and his ability to manipulate the plot will determine the intensity therefore the quality of the whole piece ………… 6. There are 4 basic examples used in tragedies in which a Catharsis is present ………………… a. Example: when the action performed by an antagonist or a protagonist is done consciously and therefore with capability of self-reflection (ex: Euripides makes Medea slay her children) ………………… b. Another example is when the performed action is done in a state of ignorance or in a state in which the antagonist or protagonist is incapable of analyzing the situation and later on the characters should discover a type of friendship or a another component of the circumstance which will lead them to regret the situation …………………. c. One issue may be caused within the interior of the play; when a character has previous understanding of the situation and but decides to not act ………………… d. In the last case the character experiences a state of ignorance and right before carrying out the problematic action it is able to suddenly reflect on the situation and decide to avoid the action but rather shocking; one rarely found in poetry) ..... C. Law of probability .................. 1. Defines the logical pater of cause and effect that actions go through in a tragedy .................. 2. In order for the tragedy to be credible, the actions must relate to the viewer. Therefor, actions are probable and likely to happen in real life. .................. 3. Example of cause and effect: The Primum Mobile (the action that creates the initial tension) begins the chain of cause and effect and therefor defines the course of the plot. ..... D. Law of necessity ................. 1. Everything in a tragedy has a purpose ................ .2. The plot is structure so that every action service an specific purpose (it either initiates, leads, or concludes a tragic action).

Works cited McManus, Barbara F. "Outline of Aristotle's Theory of Tragedy." //New York College | Catholic College | The College of New Rochelle//. Nov. 1999. Web. 11 Feb. 2010. [|http://www2.cnr.edu/home/bmcmanus/poetics.html] Aristotle. "Poetics." //The Internet Classics Archive: 441 searchable works of classical literature//. Web. 11 Feb. 2010. []